sub tribes and families

mandah can be classified into the following sets:-
1) uthman khel(usman khel)
2) khazar
3) rajjar

The uthman khel can be further classified into
1) Abakhel:- they live in the areas of kunda, zeda, hund, and shah mansoor.
2) Umerkhel:- they iive in the areas of swabi, kala, dara and maneri.
the rohillas of india were from this family of mandarh. najib ud daula belonged to the village of swabi.
3) mir ahmed khel:- they live in the areas of marghuz, tandhkoi and salim khan.
4) bahzad khel:- they live in khalabat areas.
5) khudukhel:- they live in pinjtar, dagai, totalay, baja and bam khel.
in the same way rajjar can be classified as
1) manizai:- they live in dagay, turlanday, tarakai, purmulay and adina.
2) malakzai:- they live in yar hussain, sherdara, and yaqubi.
3) akozai:- they live in dhobian, sarra cheena and ismaila.
4) khizarzai:- they live in shewa, kalu khan and sherghund.
5) mamoodzai:- they live in nawey kaley, sheikh janan, asota and naranji

Mardan is inhabited largely by two sub-tribes of mandanh, Kamalzai and Amazai. Kamalzais are divided into two main branches, Masharanzai, with chief town Toru and Kashranzai, with chief town Mardan. Amazais are divided into two main branches, the Doulatzai and Ismialzai.

Welcome/Staray Mashay to Pakhtun

Here you will also find a collection of articles about the Pakhtuns regarding their origins, history, culture and traditions known as the Pashtuns/Pashtoons or Pathans, are also known as Pakhtuns or Pukhtuns where they live.

The idea about pushtuns

The main idea for Pakhtun.com is to introduce to the world this great nation currently under siege of religious fanatics. The Pakhtuns or Pashtuns (for people having difficulty pronouncing the harsh kh' sound similar to the hebrew ch from the base of the throat). The Pashtun (Afghan) are native to the red shaded area of the map to the right. As you can see the Pakhtuns can be found in and originate from Afghanistan to present day north western Pakistan. In Pakistan they live mostly in the province of Pakhtunkhwa formally known as the North West Frontier Province. As the world has become smaller the Pukhtuns have moved out and are found to be scattered through out India and other parts of the world.
Here you will also find a collection of articles regarding the history, culture, traditions and origins of Pakhtuns/Pashtuns/Pushtuns. As the deeply engraved tradition (code known as Pakhtunwali) of hospitality in our culture of Pakhtuns dictates, you are most welcomed and always invited to join us in our web forum "da Pukhtano Majlas."

Pushtun majlis

Pakhtun.com and its web forums "da Pukhtano Majlas" are meant for those Pashtuns and friends of Pashtuns who are desirous to reform the Pashtun society and want to contribute to bring positive changes in Pashtun society.
Our goal is concentrating on Pashtun Society, Pashtun Community and Pashtun individuals whether he/she is citizen of Afghanistan, Pakistan, UAE, USA, UK, Europe, Africa, Australia, India or any other country of Asia to educate them, to reform them and to make them role models for other people of the world. We will remind Pashtuns of their great past and to rebuild their present and future as a great race, people, nation and society of the world.
Our approach is self reformation, education, change, development, realism inspired from idealism, pragmatism and not blaming other agencies, agents, countries, people, forces and persons for our own pitfalls.

Readership

The general public interested in the history and society of Pashtuns and Pakistan; students and scholars of regional, Pakistani, South Asian, Gulf, and Indian Ocean social and economic histories; and those interested in themes related to migration studies, globalization studies, and colonial and post-colonial dynamics. The book would be appropriate for any College and University students and courses focusing upon South Asia history, Indian Ocean history, migration studies, Asian labour history, colonial and post-colonial economies, and Pashtun and Pakistani social dynamics

A History of Pashtun Migration, 1775-2006

For centuries Pashtuns from the Peshawar Valley and today's Pakistan-Afghan borderlands have circulated throughout the sub-continent and the Indian Ocean region. This interregional history of migration and mobility in the modern period from 1775 to 2006 follows Pashtun individuals and communities as they left homelands and responded to colonial and post-colonial opportunities and challenges in eighteenth century Rohilkhand, nineteenth century northern India and Hyderabad, Pakistan after 1947, and the Gulf region from the nineteenth century to the present. Pashtuns in permanent or temporary diaspora were transformed by the range of possible social consequences as they circulated in South Asia and the greater Indian Ocean region, variously experiencing degrees of assimilation, integration, sustained ethnic self-awareness, and, increasingly, notions of 'national' identity. Pashtuns in home villages and in distant locations exhibited personal initiative and agency even as they were affected by wider European imperial policies, national and interregional political competition, and the evolving pressures of an expanding world economy. This work illuminates the history of Pashtuns and Pakistan and offers insight into how Asian regional populations have been integrated into, and often subordinated by, the dynamics of contemporary globalization.

Ten Lost Tribes

The phrase Ten Lost Tribes of Israel refers to the ancient Tribes of Israel that disappeared from the Biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was destroyed, enslaved and exiled by ancient Assyria.[1] Many groups of Jews have doctrines concerning the continued hidden existence or future public return of these tribes. This is a subject that is partially based upon authenticated and documented historical fact, partially upon written religious tradition and partially upon speculation. There is a vast amount of literature on the Lost Tribes and no specific source can be relied upon for a complete answer.

12 TRIBES OF ISRAEL

According to the Hebrew Bible, Jacob (progenitor of Israel) had 12 sons and at least one daughter by two wives and two concubines. The twelve sons fathered the twelve Tribes of Israel.
• When the land of Israel was apportioned among the tribes in the days of Joshua, the Tribe of Levi, being priests, did not receive land (Joshua 13:33, 14:3). However; the tribe of Levi was given cities. Six cities were given to the tribe as refuge cities for all men of Israel and they were to be controlled by the Levites. Three of these cities were located on each opposing side of the Jordan River. In addition, 42 other cities (and their respective open spaces) totaling 48 cities were given to the Tribe of Levi. (Numbers 35)
• On the other hand, Jacob elevated the descendants of Ephraim and Manasseh (the two sons of Joseph by his Egyptian wife Asenath) (Genesis 41:50) to the status of full tribes in their own right, replacing the Tribe of Joseph (Joshua 14:4). Each received its own land and had its own encampment during the 40 years of wandering in the desert.
Thus, the two divisions of the tribes are:
Traditional division:
1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Levi
4. Judah
5. Issachar
6. Zebulun
7. Dan
8. Naphtali
9. Gad
10. Asher
11. Joseph
12. Benjamin Division according to apportionment of land in Israel:
1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Judah
4. Issachar
5. Zebulun
6. Dan
7. Naphtali
8. Gad
9. Asher
10. Benjamin
11. Ephraim (son of Joseph)
12. Manasseh (son of Joseph)
13. Levi (no territorial allotment, except a number of cities located within the territories of the other tribes)

Which tribes were lost

The phrase "Ten Lost Tribes" does not appear in the Bible, leading some to questions the actual number of tribes involved. However, 1 Kings 11:31 states that the LORD will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon and give ten tribes to Jeroboam:
" And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee". (1 Kings 11:31}
" But I will take the kingdom out of his son's hand, and will give it unto thee, even ten tribes." (1 Kings 11:35)
However, it is not clear which tribes are to be counted as lost. The tribes which have been lost are those which formed the Kingdom of Israel following the dissolution of the united Kingdom of Israel in c. 930 BCE. The tribes of Reuben, Issachar, Zebulun, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Ephraim and Manasseh were parts of the kingdom, a total of nine.
It has sometimes been said that the Tribe of Simeon was a part of the northern Kingdom of Israel and was therefore part of the "Ten Lost Tribes." However, the Tribe of Simeon was never located in the Northern Kingdom, but was located entirely within the land of Judah. (Joshua 19:1) Apparently, Simeon's tribal distinctions were lost shortly after Canaan was settled by the Israelites when the Simeonites assimilated into the Tribe of Judah.[citation needed]

Religious beliefs

The concept of the "Ten Lost Tribes" originally began in a religious context, based on Biblical sources, not as an ethnological idea. Some scientists have researched the topic, and at various times some have made claims of empirical evidence of the Ten Lost Tribes. However, religious and scriptural sources remain the main sources of the belief that the Ten Lost Tribes have some continuing, though hidden, identity somewhere.
There are numerous references in Biblical writings. In Ezekiel 37:16-17, the prophet is told to write on one staff (quoted here in part) "For Judah..." and on the other (quoted here in part) , "For Joseph..." (the main Lost Tribe). The prophet is then told that these two groups shall be someday reunited.
Moreover, thou son of man, take thee one stick, and write upon it, For Judah, and for the children of Israel his companions: then take another stick, and write upon it, For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his companions: And join them one to another into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand. Ezekiel 37:16-17 KJV
There are also discussions in the Talmud as to whether the Ten Lost Tribes will eventually be reunited with the Tribe of Judah, that is, with the Jewish people.

Historical background

After the civil war in the time of Solomon's son Rehoboam, ten tribes split off from the United Monarchy to create the northern Kingdom of Israel.
These were the nine landed tribes Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad, and some members of Levi who had no land allocation. The Bible makes no reference at this point to the Tribe of Simeon, and some[who?] believe that the tribe had already disappeared due to the curse of Jacob. (Genesis 49:5-7)[citation needed]
Judah, the southern kingdom, had Jerusalem as its capital and was ruled by King Rehoboam. It was populated by the tribes of Judah and Benjamin (and also by some members of Levi and by the remnants of Simeon).
In 722 BCE the Assyrians under Shalmaneser V and then under Sargon II conquered the northern Kingdom of Israel, destroyed its capital Samaria and sent the Israelites into exile and captivity in Khorason[citation needed], now part of eastern Iran and western Afghanistan. The Ten Lost Tribes are those Israelites who were deported by the Assyrians. In Jewish popular culture, the ten tribes disappeared from history, leaving only the tribes of Benjamin,and Judah to become the ancestors of modern day Jews.
In 607 BCE the nation of Judah was conquered by Babylon. About 70 years later, in 537 BCE, the Persians (who had conquered Babylon in 539 BCE) allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple. It is speculated, however, that by the end of this era, members of the tribes seem to have abandoned their individual identities in favor of a common one

] 17th- to mid-20th-century theories

Since at least the 17th century both Jews and Christians have proposed theories concerning the lost tribes, based to varying degrees on Biblical accounts. An Ashkenazi Jewish tradition speaks of the Lost Tribes as Die Roite Yiddelech, "The little red Jews", cut off from the rest of Jewry by the legendary river Sambation "whose foaming waters raise high up into the sky a wall of fire and smoke that is impossible to pass through".[2]
On December 23, 1649, after Manasseh ben Israel, a noted rabbi of Amsterdam had been told by Antonio de Montezinos that some of the Lost Tribes were living among the Native Americans of the Andes in South America, he wrote:
“ ... I think that the Ten Tribes live not only there ... but also in other lands scattered everywhere; these never did come back to the Second Temple and they keep till this day still the Jewish Religion ... [3]
”
In 1655, Manasseh ben Israel petitioned Oliver Cromwell to allow the Jews to return to England. Since 1290, Jews had been prohibited by law from living in England. One of the reasons for Cromwell's alleged interest in the return of the Jews to England was the abundance at the time of theories relating to the end of the world. Many of these ideas were fixed upon the year 1666 and the Fifth Monarchy Men who were looking for the return of Jesus as the Messiah who would establish a final kingdom to rule the physical world for a thousand years. They supported Cromwell's Republic in the expectation that it was a preparation for the fifth monarchy - that is, the monarchy which should succeed the Assyrian, the Persian, the Greek, and Roman world empires.
Mixed in with all of this was a background of general belief that the Lost Ten Tribes did not represent ethnic Jews who partially formed the ancient Kingdom of Judah, but tribes who maintained a separate capital at Samaria. Some have attempted to dismiss this complicated saga by stating that it is nothing but Supersessionism. However, the ideas behind these various competing theories are far more complicated, especially when Sabbatai Zevi, the "messiah" claimant and his supporters postulated that he represented groups in addition to those identified as being Jews. However, Zevi lost his credibility to all but the Donmeh when he converted to Islam and became an apostate to Judaism in 1666.
During the latter half of the 18th century, variations on this same theory were advocated by some who believed that the British Empire of nations was a manifestation of ancient prophecies recorded in the Book of Genesis predating both the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah.
Others believe that the 'Lost Tribes' simply merged with the local population. For instance, the New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia states "In historic fact, some members of the Ten Tribes remained in Palestine, where apart from the Samaritans some of their descendants long preserved their identity among the Jewish population, others were assimilated, while others were presumably absorbed by the last Judean exiles who in 597-586 [B.C.E.] were deported to Assyria...Unlike the Judeans of the southern Kingdom, who survived a similar fate 135 years later, they soon assimilated

] Groups claiming descent from specific Lost Tribes

Many groups claim descent from specific Lost Tribes but preliminary scientific evidence such as Y-DNA testing, specifically Haplogroup J would exclude many of them. Some of these groups include:
• Bene Ephraim (from southern India) - claim descent from the Tribe of Ephraim
• Bnei Menashe (from northeast India) - claim descent from the lost Tribe of Manasseh
• Beta Israel, also known as Falashas - Ethiopian Jews some of whom claim descent from the lost Tribe of Dan
• Persian Jews (especially the Bukharan Jews) claim descent from the Tribe of Ephraim
• Igbo Jews of Nigeria claim descent variously from the tribes of Ephraim, Menasseh, Levi, Zebulun and Gad
The Nasranis of Malabar, India are of Hebrew or Israelite heritage but not much is known of their past, making it difficult to be certain that they are also descended from the 'Lost Tribes'. (Ref. Dr. Asahel Grant's 'The Nestorians or the Lost Tribes of Israel' for more about the Nazarenes and Nestorians).

Bene Israel of South Asia

The Bene Israel (Hebrew: "Sons of Israel") are a group of Jews who live in various Indian cities, Mumbai, Pune, Ahmadabad, and in Pakistan such as in Karachi, Peshawer and Multan. Prior to their waves of emigration to Israel and still to this day, the Bene Israel form the largest sector of the subcontinent's Jewish population, and constitute the bulk of those sometimes referred to as Pakistani Jews. The native language of the Bene Israel is Judæo-Marathi, a form of Marathi. Most Bene Israel have now emigrated to Israel. Some researchers believe that the Bene Israel are descended from the Ten Tribe

Bnei Menashe of India

The Beta Israel (also known as Falashas) are Ethiopian Jews. Some members of the Beta Israel as well as several Jewish scholars believe that they are descended from the lost Tribe of Dan, as opposed to the traditional story of their descent from the

Persian Jews

Persian Jews (especially the Bukharan Jews) claim descent from the Tribe of Ephraim. Persian Jews (also called Iranian Jews) are members of Jewish communities living in Iran and throughout the former greatest extents

Pushtun of the Afghan Region

The Pashtuns are a predominantly Muslim people, native to Afghanistan and Pakistan, who adhere to their pre-Islamic indigenous religious code of honour and culture Pashtunwali. They traditionally claim descent from the Lost Tribes. The Yousafzai (Yusafzai) are a large group of Pashtun tribes. Their name means "Sons of Joseph".[12] There are also similar names in other areas of the region, such as the disputed land of Kashmir. There are a variety of cultural and ethnic similarities between Jews and Pashtuns.[13][14] A visit by a Western journalist in 2007 revealed that many currently active Pashtun traditions may have parallels with Jewish traditions.[15] The code of Pashtunwali is strikingly similar in content and subject matter to the Mosaic law.
A book which corresponds to Pashtun historical records, Taaqati-Nasiri, states that in the 7th century a people called the Bani Israel settled in Ghor, southeast of Herat, Afghanistan, and then migrated south and east. These Bani Israel references are in line with the commonly held view by Pashtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed, the tribe of Joseph, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the region.[16] Hence the tribal name 'Yusef Zai' in Pashto translates to the 'sons of Joseph'. This is also described extensively in great detail by Makhzan-i-Afghani, a historical work from the 17th Century by Nehamtullah, an official in the royal court of Mughal Emperor Jehangir. A similar story is told by Iranian historian Ferishta.[17]
This account is also substantiated by the fact that the Bnei Menashe of India also have traditions which trace their wanderings as going originally from the Persian Empire to Afghanistan. In their case, they then went to China, where they encountered persecution, then pressed on to India and Southern Asia.[6]

the origin and theory of Pushtun

The Bani-Israelite theory about the origin of the Pashtun is based on Pashtun traditions; the tradition itself is documented in a source titled Makhzan-i-Afghani, the only written source addressing Pashtun origins. It was written in 1612, by Nematullah Harvi, a scribe at the court of Mughal Emperor Jehangir of Hindustan. Nematullah compiled his book on the order of Khan Jehan Lodhi of the Lodhi dynasty, a Pashtun noble and a courtier of the Emperor Jehangir.[18]
Some sources state that the Makhzan-i-Afghani has been discredited by historical and linguistic inconsistencies. The oral tradition is believed to be a myth that grew out of a political and cultural struggle between Pashtuns and the Mughals, which explains the historical backdrop for the creation of the myth, the inconsistencies of the mythology, and the linguistic research that refutes any Semitic origins.[18] There are also other sources which disagree strongly with the hypothesis that the Pashtuns have Israelite origins

The Pushtun Family Tree

In the early seventeenth century, a Pashtun from North India called Khwaja Ni’mat Allah described the tribal structure and origin of Pashtun Society in this work, the Makbzan-I Afghani. Although it undoubtedly contains information on the ethnogenesis of the Pashtuns, this genealogy should not be read as a sound historical source that indicates how the Pashtuns came into being as a distinct ethnic group. Instead, it should be used as a source of information, from the seventeenth century or earlier, for the way in which the Pashtuns saw themselves as a group.
Ni’mat Allah differentiates between four main groups of Pashtuns. These are the descendants of the three sons of the putative ancestor of al Pashtuns, Qays Abdul Al-Rashid Pathan, plus another, fourth group. The putative ancestor himself descended, according to traditional genealogies, from King Sarul (Saul), the Jewish king. The allegedly Jewish ancestry of the Pashtuns was a subject always hotly debated in Pashtun tea houses!
The three sons of Qays Abdul Al-Rashid pathan were named Sarban, Bitan and Ghurghusht (although there are many variants of these names). Most important of these, at least in the eyes of Ni’mat Allah, was Sarban. He was the eldest son. His descendants, via his son Sharkhbun, are mainly found in South Afghanistan, and via his other son Kharshbun, in the Peshawar Valley. Those in the west include the Abdalis, who since the mid-eighteenth century are called the Durranis. Those in the east include the Yousfzay, who lie north of Peshawar, and many other tribes in the same area.

Tareen Tribe

The Tareen are an important and big Pashtun tribe, they played a key role in Sultan Muhammad Ghori's army and showed great bravery. The Tareen tribes of Hazara migrated from Kandahar as well as the Pishin District of Balochistan in the 17th century CE under the leadership of Sher Khan Tareen.
Ahmed Shah Abdali on his conquest of India deputed powerful tribal chiefs with conquered areas. In the Hazara region, amongst these deputed chiefs were Najeebullah Khan Tareen, Sa'adat Khan Swati of Garhi Habibullah, Mir Zabardast Khan Tanoli (also known as Suba Khan Tanoli), and some others. Tareens have some history with other Pashtun tribes of Hazara Division, uniting against Sikhs during the period of Sikh rule. People like Sardar Muhammad Khan Tareen and Sardar Bostan Khan Tareen are heroes for their staunch resistance against the Sikh empire, now revered as heroes of Hazara history. In the History of Pishin the leading men among the Tor Tareen in Pishin (1905) were Khan Sahib Iskan Khan Noorzai, Malik Arsalan, Malik Pakur Khudaidadzai and Malik Baz Heikalzai

YOUSAF ZAI HISTORY

They migrated from Kabul when Mirza Ulugh Beg was governor. He succeeded his father, Shah Rukh, who was a son of Timur (Taimur-e-Lang), in 1446 A.D. In the time of Babur, who first came to Kabul in 1504 A.D., Peshawar had been colonized by Afghan tribes, such as the Swatis and Dilazaks. On his second visit, fourteen years later, he found the Yusufzais had spread into Swat. The current settlement of the Yusufzais must have come about after this time. Some believe that the Yusufzais are one of the Ten Lost Tribes of the Hebrews.
The Yusufzai took much of their current lands from the Afghan tribes Dilazaks and Swatis, after a single but desperate and decisive battle fought on the plains between the villages of Gadar and Langarkot. Babur himself helped subdue the tribes against Yususfzais, using matchlocks for the first time against the Jahangiri sultan, Mir Haider Ali Gebri of Bajour. Bibi Mubarka had married King Babur, and had also been titled as "Afghani Agacha".
Yousafzais have shown great bravery against Sikhs and British in the 18th and 19th century, especially the clans of Swat and Black Mountain of Hazara. The famous battle of Ambela, Sura took place in 1863. The sikh General Harri Singh was killed by the Yusafzai in a battle that was fought outside Peshawar in Chamkani.

The village Sura has itself a huge history of its dominance in Buner, The first educated person in this village was Khawaja Muhammad Khan who was on the post of Mirza in the erra of Wali-e-Swat. Two of four of his descendents Miraj Muhammad, Siraj Ahmed, Khizar Muhammad, Mukhtar Ahmed has joined Pakistan-Army and shown the traditional Braveness of Kamalzai's in the war of field against India.
The first and second Graduates of District Buner were Mr. Taj Muhammad Shah and Mr. Taj Rahim Shah, both are brothers and sons of Mr. Zeenat Shah who belonged from Bajkata (village of Buner).

YOUSAF ZAI TRIBE

The Yūsufzai (also Youssofzay, Yousafzai, Esapzey, Yousufi, or Yūsufi) (Pashto: يوسفزی, Urdu: یوسف زئی) are one of the largest Pakhtoon tribes. The majority of the Yusufzai tribe reside in the North West Frontier Province and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, with some tribal Yususfzai have settled along the Afghan border. They are the predominant population in the districts of Swat, Mardan, Malakand, Swabi, Buner and Shangla. Still other Yusufzai colonies can be found in the inner city of Sialkot and Lahore where they have established themselves as landowners arriving in the 13th century. There is also a Yusufzai clan of Dehwar tribe of Brahui Baloch in Mastung.
The name Yusafzai originates from Yusaf who was the younger son of Manday along with his elder brother Omar. The latter died early and left behind his only son Mandanh. The descendents of Yusaf inhabit in Swat, Dir and Malakand while the descendents of Mandanh live in Swabi and Mardan.
Yusafzai speak the northern variant of "Pukhtu" with the hard "kh" replacing the softer "sh" of southern Pashtun tribes

Mandarh Tribe

chamla is stated to be the limits of mandarh tribe historically. This area has a shape of dara. The famous battle of ambela was fought in this area in which the mughuls faced serious defeat. To the north of chamla lies buner where the yousafzais live, to the south is swabi and west of swabi is mardan. this is the area where mandanh tribe lives. mandanh are organized into subdivisions.

Tarkani

The Tarkani (or Tarkalanri) are a Pashtun tribe located in Bajaur in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan the number roughly 36,000 people.

Mohmand Tribe

Mohmand Tribe
Mohmand (Pashto: مہمند ) is the name of a Pashtun tribe, living primarily in northeastern Afghanistan and in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Mohmands follow strict tribal laws, the pre-Islamic "code of honour" known as Pashtunwali. A sub-clan of Arain is also called Mohmand in Charsadda and Faisalabad.
In Pakistan the Mohmands live in the Mohmand Agency and down to the plains of Peshawar, Charsadda, and Mardan. Mohmands are also scattered throughout Pakistan in urban areas including Karachi, Lahore, and Quetta.

Muhammad zai

Mohammadzai (Pashto: محمد زئی) (meaning son of Muhammad in Pashto) is the name of several Pashtun tribes found in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran.
One prominent group of Mohammadzai, belonging to the Barakzai branch of the Durrani confederacy, are primarily centered around Kandahar. They can also be found in other provinces throughout Afghanistan as well across the border in the Pakistan's Balochistan Province where many Mohammadzai live as well.
Another significant group of Pashtun Mohammadzai live in the area of Charsadda, Pakistan, in Peshawar District, NWFP. They are cousins to the Kheshki tribe, who inhabit the same area.[1]

Marwat

Marwat مروت, a well known branch of Pashtun tribe, are the direct descendants of a Persian Prince Shah Hussain of the house of Ghor (Afghanistan) and Bibi Mato (Daughter of Sheikh Baittan). The clan is named after 'Marwat', who was the great grandson of Ibrahim Lodhi or Lodi (second son of Prince Shah Hussain/Bib Mato and younger brother of Ghaljaie or Ghilzai). Their primary abode is District Lakki Marwat in the southern NWFP of Pakistan. They are also settled in other places such as Tank and Dera Ismail Khan districts. Other tribes which live around them are Banisee (Banizee), Khattak, Wazir, Betani, Mahsud and Niazi

Niazi

Niazi (Pashto: نیازی) is a Pashtun tribe, a subgroup of the Ghilzai Pashtuns of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The word Niazi is derived from the word Niazai like the other forms of Pashtun tribes, such as Yusafzai and Orakzai.
The history of the Pashtuns is ancient, and much of it has yet to be fully researched. From the 2nd millennium BC to the present, Pashtun regions have seen invasions and migrations including Aryan tribes (Iranian peoples, Indo-Aryans), Medes, Persians, Mauryas, Scythians, Kushans, Hephthalites, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, and Mongols. There are many conflicting theories about the origins of the Pashtun people, some modern and others archaic, both among historians and the Pashtuns themselves. Some anthropologists lend credence to the theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites, however, most modern authorities have found this oral tradition to be inconsistent. Ghilzais are reputed to be descended from the Turko-Mongolic Khiljis and Tajiks, as well as the numerous other invaders from Central Asia and the Middle East who have entered Afghanistan over the centuries. Their name being another form of Khitali the Turkish word for 'swords man' who early settled, perhaps as mercenaries rather than as a corporate tribe, in the Siah-band range of the Ghor mountains. They first rose into notice in the time of Mahmud of Ghazni when they accompanied in his invasions of India.

Khattak

{{original research|d Khattak or Khatak (Pashto: خټک, Urdu: خٹک) refers to a tribe of the Pashtun. The Khattak tribe's homeland is located in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan and the tribe stretches along the western bank of the river Indus from the city of Attock to the north down through the district of Karak to the south. The recorded history of the Khattak indicate their origins to be in the area around the Afghan provinces of Ghazni and Logar. The largest of the tribe's population is now situated in Cherat. These villages have a special history. A long time before the partition of Pakistan and India a lot of British people lived in this area.[citation needed], which hosts a Special Service Group military outpost in the NWFP. Speaking a variant of the Pashtu, their appearance belies an origin akin to the old pawindah type.[citation needed] Earliest records show their migration from around modern day Bannu northwards towards modern day Kohat, Karak and Nowshera[citation needed]. A warrior poet by the name of Khushal Khan Khattak (1613-1690) belonged to this tribe, and his contributions to Pushto literature are considered as classic texts[citation needed]. They have been translated into numerous languages[citation needed]. The Khattaks have high literacy rate in comparison to other Pashtun tribes having achieved positions of influence throughout history

Afridi

Afridi (Pashto: اپريدي, Urdu: آفریدی, Hindi: आफ़रीदी), classically called the Abaörteans (pronounced /ˌæbiɔrˈtiːənz/; Latin: Abaortae), is the name of a Pashtun (Pathan) tribe. The Afridis inhabit about 1,000 square miles (3,000 km²) of rough hilly area in the eastern Safed Koh range, west of the Peshawar Valley and east of Torkham, and Maidan in Tirah, which can be accessed by the Kajurhi plains and the valleys of Bara and Churah. Some Afridi clans also inhabit India, most noted are the Kuki Khel of Jammu and Kashmir and in some parts of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar.[1][2][3] The tribe contains about 415,000 people.

History of Orakzai

The Orakzai tribes take their name, which literally means the lost son (Wrak Dzoy), from a romantic legend about their ancestor, Sikandar Shah who was a prince from Iran. He was exiled or lost, and after many adventures he married and settled in Tirah. One branch, the Ali Khel, has been traced to Swat, whence they were expelled by the other inhabitants and it is not improbable that the whole tribe consists of refugee clans of the surrounding races[citation needed]. They cultivate a good deal of the Khanki and Kurmana valleys in the winter, but in the hot months retire to the heights of Tirah, of which they occupy the southern half called the Mastura Valley.
The Kohat Gazetteer of 1883-84 records